Performance evaluation model for oracles in self-executing smart contracts

Abstract

The article presents a model for evaluating the performance of oracles used in self-executing smart contracts. Performance is defined as a composite of parameters including data delivery speed, accuracy of transmitted information, and the security level of the oracle cluster. The proposed model integrates weighted data aggregation mechanisms, the application of asymmetric penalties for inaccurate results, as well as formal methods for assessing oracle quality using probabilistic models and statistical analysis. The study analyzes existing approaches to ensuring the reliability of data provided by oracles. It examines both consensus mechanisms-which allow the aggregation of information from multiple independent sources-and approaches based on the use of trusted data sources selected manually. The analysis emphasizes that traditional evaluation methods often fail to capture the dynamic nature of the system and lack the necessary flexibility to adapt to changing conditions. As a solution, an internal audit methodology for oracle clusters is proposed, enabling both quantitative and qualitative assessment of their reliability and effectiveness, which is particularly relevant for governmental and corporate blockchain systems.